Mustansiriyah Journal of Humanities

the introduction

the introduction — 2024-01-13

the introduction

Issue contents

Issue contents — 2024-01-13

Issue contents

Geographical Analysis of Juice Industry in Baghdad Governorate

Bariq Jasim Dhaidan Alzobaei Prof. Anwer Salim Ramadhan Alwaeli — 2024-01-19

The research aims to reveal the quantity of production, the geographical distribution of standards that affect the juice industry and the quantity of production, and to know the quality of the workforce in that industry.

To achieve this, the historical, descriptive and analytical approach was used, and the statistical portfolio (SPSS) was adopted through the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and simple linear regression analysis, and the research relied on the official data of the Central Agency for Statistics and Information Technology, and the field study for 2021.

The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is that there are (42) operating industrial facilities in Baghdad Governorate, while the number of suspended industrial facilities reached (23), and the largest quantity of production in Alrusafa District reached (1883) thousand/liter, with a rate of (20.4%). The districts of Tarmiyah and Alsadr/2 had the lowest production amount, amounting to (120) thousand per liter, at a rate of (1.3%) for each. The number of workers in the study area reached (460), and unskilled workers had the highest rate of (41.7%), and administrators came with the least. A percentage of (16.5%) and the amount of raw materials used in the juice industry amounted to (3280 tons). The highest amount was recorded for plastic ampoules, which amounted to (517 tons), and the lowest amount was recorded for nylon string, which amounted to (200 tons).

Strategic Impact for Be Careful, Find Out, Build Relationships, Answer and Be Confront, Try Out, Find the Solution in the Achievement of Social Studies Subject among Fifth-Primary Female Students

Asst.Lect. RAJAA NEAMA Alfet — 2024-01-19

The current research aims to identify the impact of two strategies, "Be attentive, know, build relationships, answer" and "Confront, try, present a solution," on the academic achievement in social studies among fifth-grade female students. To achieve the research goal, the researcher formulated the main null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the students in the three groups—the first experimental group studying social studies using the "Be attentive, know, build relationships, answer" strategy, the second experimental group studying the same subject using the "Confront, try, present a solution" strategy, and the control group studying the subject in the conventional way in the dimensional achievement test. The researcher adopted a partially controlled experimental design for the three research groups: two experimental groups and one control group. The groups were equated in the following variables: chronological age (calculated in months), intelligence test scores, and fourth-grade social studies scores for the previous academic year (2018-2019).

Effectiveness of E-learning Platforms in the Cognitive Development of Sultan Qaboos University's Arabic language and Literature Students during Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19): (An Inductive Analytical Study)

Assoc. Prof. Zahir Badar Al Ghusaini BA. Thuraya Talib Al Ghafri — 2024-01-19

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of E-learning platforms in the cognitive development of Arabic Language and Literature students from the colleges of Arts and Education at Sultan Qaboos University during Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). To achieve the aim, the researchers developed a questionnaire of 30 statements distributed on a non-random sample of students from the specialization who encountered covid-19. The study concluded that the teaching system in the department of Arabic language and literature relied mainly during covid-19 on (Moodle) platform due to its flexibility in accommodating the educational materials, and it was preferred by 45% of the males and 41% of the females. As for lectures, (Google Meet) ranked the top as it was preferred by 86% and (WhatsApp) was preferred by 60% as the best tool to communicate with course instructor. The study sample also confirmed that the nature of some courses makes it difficult to achieve their aims except with direct face to face contact.The study recommends the necessity of developing the traditional course delivery system in the department, and of enabling the academic staff and students to the optimal use of educational E-platforms to contribute raising the cognitive development level of university graduates.

Lord's Reproach to the Messenger in the Holly Quran: Models and Applications

Inst. Prof. Zain Al-Abidin Abdel Hamid Ismail — 2024-01-13

The reproach contained in the Qur’anic verses was indeed correct for the Chosen One, for God Almighty rebuked Adam (peace be upon him) where He Almighty said: (And Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray) and Adam and Moses (peace be upon them) became with their Lord, so Adam and Moses (peace be upon them) performed Hajj. Peace be upon him. Then Moses (peace be upon him) said: You are the one whom God created with His hand and breathed His spirit into you, and His angels prostrated before you, and made you dwell in His Paradise. Then you brought the people to earth with your innocence. Adam (peace be upon him) said: You are Moses, God has chosen you with His message and with His words.

And I will give you funding in which everything will be clarified and you will be brought close to salvation. For how much did I find that God wrote the Torah before you created me? Moses (peace be upon him) said: Forty, nothing. Adam (peace be upon him) said: Did you find in it (And Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray?) He said: Yes. He said: So you blame me for doing something that God wrote for me to do forty years before He created me.

I chose four verses, the first of which is about jihad for the sake of God and defending Muslims’ prohibitions, the second is about calling people to God, and the third is about Family planning “adoption”, and the fourth was religious advice.

I say: I am not one of the orientalists or those who challenge religion, who fish in troubled waters. Rather, I was a searcher for scientific truthPurely, and the events that took place in the verses with which the Lord of Glory and Majesty admonished the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace), reproaching the lovers, and these are the divine reproaches Do not violate infallibility; Because they are things that the Lawgiver intended based on wisdom, some of which we know, and some of which are hidden from us...

The Effect of Pentagram Strategies, the Innovative Matrix, and the Hidden Order in Developing Geographical Proficiency in Geomorphology Material for Geography Department Students – College of Basic Education

1Prof. Saad Tuama Blail 2 Ali Mohan Abboud — 2024-01-19

The research aims to impact the pentagram strategy, the innovative matrix, and the hidden arrangement in developing geographical proficiency in the subject of geomorphology among students of the Department of Geography-College of Education. In light of the research objectives, the researcher adopted the experimental method as it is closest to achieving and testing the research hypothesis, and the research community was determined. The current study includes all first-stage students in the Geography Department in the colleges of basic education/morning study in the universities of Iraq, except for universities in the Kurdistan region. The first-stage students in the Geography Department at the University of Babylon in the College of Basic Education were approved as a basic sample representing the original community, which consisted of (65) students. As a female student, the researcher decided to conduct the equivalence process in a number of variables that might affect the dependent variables at the expense of the independent variables (intelligence, previous achievement in geography). After defining the components of the research tool (geographic proficiency test), the researcher formulated (38) items and it was applied to the exploratory sample was extracted, and the coefficients of ease, difficulty, discrimination, and effectiveness of false alternatives were extracted. The validity and reliability of the test was verified, and after analyzing the data statistically, the results showed that there was statistically significant difference between the average scores of the two groups of the research sample on the geographic proficiency test in favor of the first experimental group (the pentagram).

Geographical Analysis of Wood Industries in Baqubah and AlKhalis Districts (Comparative Study)

Hassan Mahmoud Rasheed Almamouri Prof. Anwer Salim Ramadhan Alwaeli — 2024-01-19

Wooden industries are one of the branches of manufacturing industries, which highlight their importance at the level of Iraq in general and Diyala Governorate, represented by Baqubah and Alkhalis districts in particular, because of their important role in supporting the national economy, and their importance in attracting various production requirements.

The research aims to reveal the importance of wood industries in terms of the impact of production factors, leading to knowing the quantity of production and its marketing trends, as well as knowing the most important standards and their spatial analysis and their impact on the growth and development of wood industries in the districts of Baqubah and Alkhalis. To achieve this, the data was tabulated into statistical tables and converted into a percentage for comparison. At the level of administrative units, maps and charts were used, and the statistical package (SPSS) was adopted through the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient.

The research reached a number of results, the most significant of which is the presence of spatial variation in the quantity of production in Baqubah and Alkhalis districts and at the level of administrative units for the year 2021, as the quantity of production in Alkhalis district reached (12,950) pieces, and the highest percentage of production reached (50.2%) in Habhab district and the lowest percentage in Al-Salam district reached (1.6%), while in Baquba district the quantity of production reached (7350) pieces, and the center of Baquba district had the highest percentage at (74.8%) and the lowest percentage in Al-Abara district reached (3.4%).

Establish a Proposed View of Studying the Dimensions of Sustainable Development in the Content of the Science Text- Book for the Primary 3rd Grade

Asst. Prof. Mahdi Kalam Adair (Ph.D.) — 2024-01-13

The research paper aims to develop a proposed vision to include the dimensions of sustainable development in the content of the science textbook for the third grade of primary school. the researcher has used the descriptive approach in the style of content analysis. to achieve the aim of the research, the researcher has prepared a list of the dimensions of sustainable development and its main and subsidiary issues that must be available in the content of the science textbook for the third grade of primary school, after submitting it to a number of arbitrators and specialists. In its final form, the list became composed of three main dimensions (social, environmental and economic), under which (13) main issues and (66) sub-issues fell. the results of the study showed the availability of sustainable development dimensions in varying proportions in the content of the book, as the (economic) dimension came in first place, at a rate of (38) occurrences, with a rate of (46.91%), the (social) dimension came in second place, with a rate of (27) occurrences, with a rate of (33.33%) In third place, the environmental dimension came with a rate of (16), with a rate of (19.75%), In light of the results the vision was drawn up, the proposal to enrich the science content of the primary grade in light of the dimensions of sustainable development ,the researcher came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations.

Illicit Gains in Society

Sumaya Muhammad Kazem Prof. Adnan Farhan Khamis — 2024-01-13

The Research deals with issues related to illegal gains in society by explaining the evidence of its prohibition in the Holy Qur’an, in the narrations, and consensus. The Imami scholars and scholars of the four schools of thought agreed on the prohibition of this type of gain. I mentioned in this research some of the scholars’ sayings that confirm the prohibition of this gain. Whether it is through fraud in sales, bribery in the eyes of judges, or through usury in transactions: Al-Sayyid Al-Khoei mentioned his statement regarding the issue of fraud “that cheating is forbidden without dispute or suspicion”, and as for Al-Ghazali, he said “that cheating is forbidden in all sales and trades”. As for the subject of bribery, Sheikh Al-Shirazi said “Shiite scholars and Sunnis have agreed that bribery is as forbidden for the one who takes a bribe as it is for the briber”as they relied on the words of the greatest Messenger Muhammad “may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family” “May God curse the briber and the bribe-taker”. Concerning, usury, Al-Nawawi conveyed the consensus of Muslims on the issue of prohibiting usury in general, and that it is one of the greatest sins.

Keywords: fraud, bribery, usury, evidence of prohibition

Computational Linguistics and its Role in Developing the Educational Process- The Arabic Applied Achievement An Example

Dr. Hafssa EL MEJDKI — 2024-01-19

The past three decades have witnessed a steady growth in the interest of Arab researchers in employing computational linguistics in the field of education. Hence, the efforts of many Arab experts in language sciences and computer science have tended to keep pace with the contemporary scientific and technical boom in order to raise the level of teaching the Arabic language, with a strong focus on Part of it is to benefit from computational linguistics at the theoretical and applied levels. In light of this, this study came as a new attempt to diagnose the role of computational linguistics in the development of the educational process, by focusing on the applied achievement of Arabic computational linguistics, and diagnosing the reality of its employment, and the extent of its contribution to the development of the educational process, by following one of the descriptive methodological methods, which is the content analysis method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: that the applied achievement of Arabic computer linguistics has contributed to an active role in the field of education, especially through the automatic processing software of the Arabic language, which today constitutes the computer infrastructure for all software and computer technologies that are developed and used in the educational process. It is useful in presenting lessons in automated, computerized ways that keep pace with current technical developments, and contribute to the advancement of education, through the development of the roles of the parties to the educational process (teacher, student, courses and teaching aids), as the applied data of Arabic computer linguistics have so far provided a wide scope for the design and development of many means. Educational software that relies on computer technologies and the Internet. However, the applied products of Arabic computer linguistics are still very limited, and do not keep pace with the technical developments that humanity has reached in the current era, which made the role of the Arab applied achiever in this field very limited in developing the educational process.

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Urban Expansion of the City of Baghdad Between 1998-2018 Using Remote Sensing Data

1Inst. Alyaa Gatea Sheltagh (PhD.) 2Assist. Tech. Ragad N. Hussein — 2024-01-19

This research deals with the expansion at the expense of agricultural land, its pattern, city morphology and real estate problems in cities, as these lands have economic importance, but the construction brigades are at the expense of these lands. Due to the obstacles facing the city in terms of expansion (agricultural lands), and the increase in the population, the demand for housing and equipment has increased, and the situation has resulted in spontaneous consumption of the field and expansion in a random manner. Based on the current situation of the study area, we have developed a set of suggestions which revolves around directing the expansion and preservation of agricultural real estate in the future.

Advancement and Delay in Ayat al-Kursi and Its Effect on the Grammatical Meaning

Inst. Maysoon Abdul-Jabbar Dawood Al-Basri (PhD) — 2024-01-19

The research aims to elucidate instances of anteriority and posteriority in Ayat al-Kursi and their impact on syntactic meaning. There are studies that investigate sentence structures, word parsing, and how diacritical marks at their conclusion undergo changes based on shifts in syntactic placement. Additionally, there are studies that examine and expound upon the meaning, providing extensive insights, with no clearer evidence than the content found in exegesis literature. Professor Dr. Fadel Saleh Al-Samarrai initiate the exploration of grammatical meanings, intending to unveil the essence through the process of syntactic analysis. Dr. Fadel highlightes that many issues related to meaning remain unexplored. Hence, a study of syntax based on meaning is imperative, as it bestows beauty upon the meaning, a beauty more profound than any other. I choose the instances of anteriority and posteriority postponement because they are crucial phenomena influencing meaning, aspects addressed by both grammarians and rhetoricians alike. Then, I select Ayat al-Kursi for its virtue, as it is authentically reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) considered it the most superior verse in the Quran.

Evaluation of geotechnical characteristics and their implications on the geomorphological hazard of soils northwest of Baghdad

Asst. Prof. Wasan MohammedAli Kadhim — 2024-01-13

One of the branches of applied geomorphology is the study of risks affecting structures due to soil. Predicting geomorphological risks related to soil requires a detailed and adequate study of factors such as natural soil characteristics and the locational factors affecting them in order to reach conclusions about the nature of potential risks impacting structures, and the possibility of mitigating them during the planning of future infrastructure projects. Thereupon, this study came about to assess the bearing capacity of the soil of northwestern Baghdad in supporting the building of structures and building construction projects in the future and the potential associated risks, specifically in the areas of (Al-Taji, Al-Kadhimiya, and Jukuk).

The study relies on the results of soil samples from six wells ranging in depth of 20-30 meters below ground level, which included most of the physical, chemical and engineering properties of the soil. All the results of well soil samples are obtained from the Soil Investigation Department at the National Center for Laboratories and Structural Research affiliated to the Ministry of Construction and Housing.

The results of the study shows that most of the soil of the region has a high capacity to bear the pressure resulting from the increase in the external load imposed on it, subsequently enabling it to resist settlement and subsidence. This means no possibility of a subsidence in future but on the condition that the soil should be dry, Therefore we recommend to do soil compaction operations before starting a project on it.

The Effectiveness of a Modeling Style Counseling program in reducing self-concealment among middle stage of students

Inst. Shaheen Mahmood Okab AlShammari (PhD.) — 2024-01-19

The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of a counseling program using modeling techniques in reducing self-concealment among middle school students. This is verified through a set of null hypotheses formulated by the researcher. To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted a self-concealment scale developed by Khudeir (2018). The psychometric properties of the scale are verified by applying it to a research sample of 300 participants, and construct validity indicators are calculated. Reliability is assessed through test-retest reliability, yielding a coefficient of 0.87. Regarding the experimental design, a two-group pretest-posttest design is employed. The researcher develops a counseling program using modeling techniques based on Bandura's social learning theory, consisting of 10 counseling sessions with different topics. After applying the posttest to both the experimental and control groups, the results shows statistically significant differences at a significance level of 0.05, favoring the experimental group. This indicates the effectiveness of the modeling approach in reducing self-concealment among middle school students. The research concludes with a set of recommendations and suggestions based on the findings.

Satirical Artistic Photography in the Poetry of Ibn Alruqaemaq Al'antakii (passed away 399Hjria )

Asst. Prof. Khulood Hashim AL-Waily (Ph.D.) — 2024-01-13

In this research, the researcher attempts to study the poetic phenomenon that appeared internally, and whose meanings became clear to the Abbasid poet, even if it was previously known. Because it is related to satire but it differs somewhat from it, even if it is intertwined with it and its meanings overlapped, and it may sometimes be difficult to separate them. However, the aim of satire is to correct the defects, as for sarcasm, it is an art that is intended to mock and ridicule something that is not compatible with rational contentment, and is not consistent with the regular concepts of the individual and society custom. The aim of it is to make jokes and laughs. Thus, the satirist’s view of the subject differs from that of satire, as the satirist hides his emotion behind a dahkah safrawia that carries esoteric connotations, while satire confronts the situation seriously, it appears in a semiotic language expressing anger and emotion. Thus, this phenomenon became distinct and widespread, and its signs appeared in the poetry of many poets of this era, it was clearly and abundantly in the poetry of the poet Ibn Alruqaemaq until he became a pioneer in this phenomenon, and this was not in vain; Rather, it came as a result of major and clear sociological change, in it, the poet expresses his concerns and problems, using them as a pretext or a means of expression and criticism, intending to reveal many problems and defects in various ways, and in funny artistic and rhetorical images, to the point that many critics considered Ibn Alruqaemaq’s poetry to be the head of foolishness and mockery of Egypt in the fourth century ( 334 AH-447 AH) (tenth century), and he was its founder and standard-bearer in Egypt.

The effectiveness of an instructional program inspired by ( SWOM strategy) in fostering innovative thinking and achievement motivation among tenth-grade female students

Assoc. Prof : Elham Ahmed hamma Al-zhawi — 2024-01-19

The present research aims to investigate the( the effectiveness of an instructional program inspired by ( SWOM strategy in fostering innovative thinking and achievement motivation among tenth-grade female students). To verify the research objectives and hypotheses, students in Al-Nahrain Preparatory School are deliberately selected as the research sample for the academic year 2023-2024, totaling 61 students. They are randomly divided into two groups, one experimental group taught using the cognitive modeling strategy and another control group taught using conventional methods. After ensuring the equivalence of the two groups in terms of age, intelligence, and pre-application of the scales for innovative thinking skills and achievement motivation, various preparations are made.These preparations included the development of the Innovative Thinking Skills Scale, consisting of 20 items, and the Achievement Motivation Scale, consisting of 24 items. After confirming their validity and reliability, the research was implemented over a period of 7 academic weeks. Subsequently, the post-application of the research tool was conducts, revealing statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-application of the Innovative Thinking Skills Scale. The results also indicated a significant difference in the post-application of the Achievement Motivation Scale, as well as significant differences in the pre-and post-application mean scores within the experimental group for both scales.The researcher concluded that there is a substantial impact of the proposed program based on the SWOM strategy, particularly in measuring achievement motivation within the experimental group. The research findings lead to several recommendations related to the study's results.

The development of the concept of apology among children aged (5-11) years In Diyala Governorate

M. Asmaa Abbas Aziz Al-Dulaimi — 2024-01-19

The investigator undertook a study to probe the repercussions of cultural exposure, the expansive reach of social media and the internet, the proliferation of satellite channels featuring programs and series reflective of each country's culture, and the ensuing unreflective imitation of these cultures by our children. Fundamental concepts that should be instilled in our children, such as the notion of apologizing, have undergone transformations. In contemporary times, this concept is perceived more as a sign of vulnerability rather than an embodiment of noble character. Recognizing the paramount importance of sound social and moral development, the investigator conducts a study to address the following inquiries: Do children in Diyala province possess a grasp of the concept of apologizing? Does this understanding undergo development, and if so, is the trajectory positive or negative? Does the comprehension of the concept vary between males and females? To fulfill the research objectives, the investigator devised a research instrument, presenting an open-ended question to a cohort of mothers, kindergarten teachers, and elementary school educators: "What instances and scenarios exemplify a child offering an apology?" The responses are collected, methodically arranged into lucid paragraphs, and assigned alternatives (yes, no) accompanied by corrections (1, 0) to function as an objective test gauging the presence of the concept. The test comprised 8 paragraphs.

The superficial and content validity are ascertained using the extreme groups method, subsequently applied to the research sample encompassing children aged 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. The sample, totaling 120 children, is evenly distributed across the age groups, with 15 girls and 15 boys in each cohort.

Calculation of descriptive statistics, standard deviation, t-value, and one-way ANOVA revealed that the concept of apologizing evolves in children with age but follows an intermittent rather than a continuous trajectory. The investigator recommend the imperative of imparting the concept of apologizing to children through straightforward visual curricula in kindergartens and primary schools. Additionally, awareness campaigns, as well as the dissemination of posters, brochures, and booklets on apologizing, are suggested for implementation in all kindergartens and elementary schools in Diyala province.

The effect of the playing guidance method on developing the acquired optimism among students practicing school sports in the secondary stage.

Hussein Hussein Zidan — 2024-01-19

The current research aims to determine the impact of play-based guidance on the development of acquired optimism among high school students participating in school sports activities. Three hypotheses were formulated. the researcher chose the experimental approach for the current study and developed a tool to measure acquired optimism based on Seligman's theory, consisting of four areas with 24 items. the research population is identified as high school students in Diyala Governorate in the city of Baqubah, with a sample size of 300 students. Twenty students were assigned to the experimental and control groups of the guidance program. After applying the scale, 10 guidance sessions were conducted with various topics and the application of play-based guidance techniques and activities. The research results indicated no differences in the pre- and post-test scores of the control group based on the first hypothesis regarding the acquired optimism scale. However, the second hypothesis indicatey differences in the pre- and post-test scores of the experimental group on the acquired optimism scale. Similarly, the results according to the third hypothesis show differences in the post-test scores between the experimental and control groups. These results suggest the success of the guidance program and the impact of play-based guidance on the development of acquired optimism among high school students. In light of these findings, the researcher proposed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The effectiveness of the realistic teaching model in the achievement of the subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization among Fourteenth -grade literary students

م. م. ريام محمد حاتم — 2024-01-19

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the realistic teaching model in the achievement of the subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization among Fourteenth- grade literary female students. Accordingly, the following null hypothesis was formulated, which states that there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of the female literature students of the fourteen year and the students of the experimental group who are studying The subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization according to the realistic teaching model and the average grades of the control group students who study the same subject in the traditional way in the post-achievement test. The research sample amounted to (60) female students distributed into two groups. The researcher followed the experimental research approach, and the research tool was the achievement test. The number of test items reached (40) after its apparent validity was extracted, and the reliability of the test based on the Cronbach equation reached (86), and through the use of the Statistical Bag for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the results of the research shows the superiority of the female students of the teaching group who studied the history subject Arab-Islamic civilization using the realistic teaching model on the female students of the control group who studied the same subject in the traditional way. The researcher concludes several conclusions, which it’s about teaching according to the realistic teaching model is more effective than teaching in the traditional way in collecting the topics of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization, Based on the findings of the study. According to the statistical equation that shows the difference in favor of the experimental group, which helps to arrange the content of the study topics for the history of Arab-Islamic civilization in a way that is easy for female students through linking and understanding between its topics, and from the results of the research, the researcher offers several recommendations, including the necessity of training teachers of history in general and teachers. The subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization, especially through courses holds by education directorates on modern teaching strategies, models and methods, including the method of teaching using the realistic teaching model, in order to use it in teaching historical topics in the middle school stage. In continuation of this research, the researcher suggest to conduct equivalent study to this research in different stages and different study materials.

The Effectiveness Of Using The Constructivist Model In Teaching Geometry On Developing Systemic Thinking Skills Among Sixth Grade Students

Inst. Riyadh Zayer Qasim(PhD.) — 2024-01-19

The objective of the current research is to identify the effect of using the constructivist model in teaching geometry on developing systemic thinking skills among sixth grade students in the third Karkh Education Directorate. To achieve the research objectives, a quasi-experimental approach is followed by conducting an experiment on a sample of sixth grade primary school students in Al-Madiqa Primary School. The study sample is (68) students from the sixth grade of primary school, distributed into two groups (an experimental group of 32) (a control group of 36). After conducting statistical analysis, the following is revealed: There is an effectiveness of using the constructivist model in teaching engineering on developing the students’ systemic thinking skills. Sixth grade primary students, students with high achievement are more capable of developing systemic thinking skills than others, and the presence of an interaction effect between the teaching method and academic achievement on the acquisition of systemic thinking skills in engineering for the benefit of high achieving students in the experimental group

The doctrine of Imamate in the thought of the Fatimid preacher Ahmad Hameed Al-Kermani

Dr. Haider Jaber Abdel Rubaie — 2024-01-13

This study focuses on the modern discussion of the proponent who called for it, Ismailism and its prominent philosophers and theorists. The proponent was Hujjat al-Iraqiyyin Ahmad Hameed al-Kermani, who played a pioneering and leading role in interpreting and explaining many of the beliefs of Ismailism, especially the issue of Imamate - the subject of the study - by demonstrating it according to a sound scientific approach and proving its legitimacy with reference to the Quran, Prophetic traditions, as well as narrations from the infallible pure Imams from the progeny of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is discussed in a scientific and practical manner using evidence and proofs. The first title cames under the name of the life of Al-Da'i Al-Kirmani, and the second carries the doctrinal implication of worship among the Ismailis, and the third under the name of evidence that led to the existence of the Imam. The fourth comei with a title on imamate and proving its obligation, and fifth with a title on proving the infallibility of the Imam and proving it. The sixth is titled "Proving invalidity of choosing an Imam by consensus", and seventh under "Proving validity of imamate through textual evidence from God and His Messenger". The eighth is titled "Proving imamate after Prophet for Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib through Quranic texts", followed by conclusions reached.

The digital revolution, its inception and its impact on higher education and scientific research

Prof. Samir Abdul Rasoul Al Obeidi — 2024-01-13

During the two decades, the world witnessed a tremendous development in the technology and communication sector, and one of its most prominent features was the invention of the internet, which completely a abolished the limits of time and space, while knowledge in its two parts (culture and education) enjoyed a large share of the scientific gains provided by new technology, which provides many and varied scientific resources for researchers and readers.

The higher education and scientific research sector, in all its stages and specializations, has pioneered all the diverse, continuous, and incomparable achievements of the digital revolution, if its academics and researchers contributed to the emergence of the most important inventions in the technology and communications sector, which formed the basis of the digital age virtual education is that type of education that depends on the use of electronic media in communications between teachers and between students and the entire educational institution, the term virtual universities.