Trade relations and privileges between Italian cities and the Levant during the Crusades 490-691 AH / 1097-1291 AD (Orientalist study)

Abstract

      The importance of the research lies in trying to give a clear picture of the relationships and privileges they obtained during the Crusades. Some Westerners became familiar with the Eastern Mediterranean due to Hajj and trade. Relations were mutual with the countries of the East, for example the Venetians’ contact with the East through trade, and thus the activity of the people of the East increased.  Cities, and life has become a practical city in which all the natural and mental senses participate.  In fact, cities became a complex of human energies. In addition to the privileges they obtained, Western merchants in all the major ports of the Levant had their own commercial district with a hotel, and their ships were exempted from property tax. The merchants modified their country’s trade by carrying out active trade with the East. Wars  The Crusades brought good commercial benefits to the Europeans to change the situation they were experiencing in the West, and the Orientalists praised this situation in their writings.