Hydro geochemical Assessment of Groundwater in Al-Husseiniya District, Karbala Governorate

Abstract

The results identified three hydro chemical facies based on the dominant elements: the first facies (Mg²⁺ - SO₄²⁻) included ten wells, representing 53%; the second facies (Ca²⁺ - SO₄²⁻) accounted for 37%; and the third facies (Ca²⁺ - Cl⁻) made up 10%. The analysis showed that 37% of the samples were influenced by a combination of evaporation, rock dissolution, and precipitation, while the rest were primarily governed by evaporation. Non-carbonate sediments exceeded 50%, and the samples fell within the (2–B) range, indicating low contamination levels, with continuous ion exchange through chemical interactions with soil and rocks. None of the well waters were suitable for drinking, while only 32% were permissible for irrigation. All wells were suitable for livestock consumption according to FAO standards, except for Well W2, and 53% of the well waters were acceptable for construction purposes.