Psychological well-being in women

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being of widowed women and to identify differences in well-being based on two variables: age and education level. The sample consisted of 504 widows from Baghdad, aged between 21 and over 50, with educational backgrounds ranging from elementary to university level. The researcher adopted the Ryff Scale (1989), which comprises 14 items across six dimensions.The results revealed that three dimensions serve as determinants of psychological well-being for widows: personal growth and development, the ability to effectively manage life, and self-sufficiency. Additionally, the findings indicated that widows reported a high level of psychological well-being, with no statistically significant differences based on age or education level.