Prehistoric Human Cultures in Northern Kurdistan "A Case Study of the Karin, Akuzini, and Baldibi Caves" An Archaeological and Cultural Study

Abstract

Abstract Northern Kurdistan is one of the most important regions in the ancient Near East, inhabited by humans since the earliest prehistoric times, due to its suitable climate, fertile soil, and diverse terrain, which made this region an ideal environment for living, which provided the foundations for settlement and the development of human life. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the oldest human who lived and settled in the caves of Kurdistan since the Paleolithic Age was Neanderthal, who practiced economic activities. Social and intellectual life was limited and simple. Then, semi-stable human communities emerged here and there. The region witnessed early civilizational achievements, such as the domestication of plants and animals and the emergence of agriculture as one of the pillars of human settlement, which played a major role in the evolution and transformation of primitive man's life. Northern Kurdistan is one of the most important regions in the ancient Near East, inhabited by humans since the earliest prehistoric times, due to its suitable climate, fertile soil, and diverse terrain, which made this region an ideal environment for living, which provided the foundations for settlement and the development of human life. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the oldest human who lived and settled in the caves of Kurdistan since the Paleolithic Age was Neanderthal, who practiced economic activities. Social and intellectual life was limited and simple. Then, semi-stable human communities emerged here and there. The region witnessed early civilizational achievements, such as the domestication of plants and animals and the emergence of agriculture as one of the pillars of human settlement, which played a major role in the evolution and transformation of primitive man's life.