Military Organizations in Andalusia

Abstract

The Andalusian army was founded on the ancient Islamic military system. Initially, it relied on various military units composed of Arabs and Berbers, later evolving into a professional, standing army during the Umayyad era. It consisted primarily of infantry and cavalry units, whose members were trained and prepared during peacetime. A special administration was established to oversee its affairs, including payroll and administrative matters. Military history in Andalusia reached its zenith, marked by advancements in military arts, the invention of diverse weaponry, and the adoption of scientific and technical methods in warfare, combat, organization, defense, and attack. This development made the Andalusian armies a formidable force, enabling them to confront the Christian kingdoms and contributing to the advancement of military science and war industries worldwide. This research aims to highlight the structure of the Arab-Islamic army in Andalusia, revealing its military organization, its key strengths, and its role in protecting the Andalusian state and consolidating its position.