Deception and tricks in the wars of the Prophet Muhammad (may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family)

Abstract

This research deals with the topic of deception and tricks in the wars of the Prophet Muhammad (may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family), which is considered within the framework of legitimate military strategies. In the beginning, the terms deception and tricks were defined linguistically and technically. Then we touched on the most prominent methods that Muslims resorted to in several wars and invasions of the Prophet Muhammad (may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family). The first of these methods was the intelligence element to survey the enemy’s conditions, which is considered one of the important elements that cannot be dispensed with in all wars and throughout the ages. We also mentioned one of the methods of deception through which it is possible to reach the enemy and attack him faster and easier, which is the element of surprise. We also referred to the topic of equivocation after clarifying the meaning of this term, and then we mentioned some of the methods of misleading and deceiving the enemy. These methods demonstrate the importance of military cunning in achieving victory with the least possible losses. After that, we touched on the ruling on deception and lying in wars in the Islamic religion and the opinion of jurists on it. Finally, we recorded the most important results that we reached in this research