Cultural System and Critical Standards (( Desert System ))

Abstract

The research includes a definition of the system according to Saussure, then an ascent to virility and a definition of it linguistically and technically, then a mention of Ibn Sallam al-Jumahi’s three criteria: the poet’s abundance of poetry, the multiplicity of his themes, the quality of his poetry, and how he set the standard of masculinity in his dealings in general, and especially with al-Khansa’; he placed her in a place that did not suit her; she is not (virile) in any way, then we move on to presenting the criteria of virility according to al-Asma’i, while his criteria were The seven are more comprehensive, as he neglected women and made them a marginal element in Arabic poetry, and Al-Farazdaq and Bashar Ibn Burd followed him in that. The main criterion in Arabic thought is masculinity, where the poet is a male who is aware of the pre-Islamic era, knowledgeable about the genealogies of the Arabs and their days, a Bedouin of the language, and able to satirize. Even the formulation of the column of poetry is a term taken from the tent pole and from the (column) that the male can carry to fight with, and finally poetry. It is a meter (sound) that is specific to the male and not the female, so her voice should not come out because a woman’s voice is shameful in the desert, then the ascent to the standards of Al-Asma’i, some of which relate to prosody, some of which relate to news and the days of the Arabs, and some of which relate to knowledge of genealogy, and all of them are purely masculine tendencies, even Ibn Manzur sees virility in its suspension by dominance in satire and opposition.